What does a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol indicate?

A low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps transport cholesterol from the arteries to the liver, where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are protective against atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaques in the arteries that can lead to heart disease and stroke.

When HDL levels are low, there is less of this protective mechanism in place, which contributes to a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Low HDL cholesterol can indicate an imbalance in the lipid profile, often reflecting poor lifestyle choices or underlying health conditions that may predispose an individual to cardiovascular issues. Thus, maintaining healthy levels of HDL is crucial for cardiovascular health.

In contrast, a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease would suggest a beneficial lipid profile, which is not the case with low HDL levels. Likewise, stating that there is no effect on cardiovascular health misrepresents the established relationship between HDL and heart health. Normal cholesterol levels would typically include a balanced relationship among all types of cholesterol, including adequate HDL levels.